中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
重庆涪陵小田溪墓群清理一批商周遗存 现早期巴人活动踪迹****** 中新网重庆1月17日电 (景诗雁)记者17日从重庆市文物考古研究院获悉，位于三峡库区的重庆涪陵小田溪墓群2022年完成阶段性考古发掘，清理出一批重要商周时期遗存，找到了早期巴人活动的踪迹。 该成果对建立乌江流域先秦时期考古学时空框架，研究乌江流域早期巴文化的陶器组合及其规律、巴人迁徙路线，以及研究商周时期该地区与四川、贵州、湖南、湖北等地区的文化交流、传播等学术课题具有重要意义。  图为重庆涪陵小田溪墓群考古的H3区域。 重庆市文物考古研究院供图据介绍，小田溪墓群位于涪陵区白涛街道小田溪村，乌江西岸的一二级台地上。涪陵小田溪墓群考古是“川渝地区巴蜀文明进程研究”项目之一，2022年实施考古发掘面积500平方米。根据遗址的文化内涵，考古队将遗址分三个区开展工作，重点工作在其中的陈家嘴地点、网背沱地点两个区域展开。 “本年度最重要的发现是在网背沱发现了丰富的商周遗存，H3体量巨大，出土陶片2300余件，从出土品看，主要有尖底器、圜底器、平底器、圈足器等。”重庆市文物考古研究院文物考古研究所文博副研究馆员燕妮说，考古队在H3采集了两个炭样标本，时代约在商代晚期，考虑到木炭的年代一般早于遗迹的形成年代，结合器型比对结果，认为H3遗存时代应大致在商末至西周初期，个别器物可晚至西周早期，系发现早期巴人在乌江流域活动的实证，为研究乌江流域先秦遗存提供了最新材料。  图为重庆涪陵小田溪墓群考古出土的子母口尖底盏。 重庆市文物考古研究院供图据介绍，网背沱商周遗存文化面貌复杂，但其主体陶器群仍以尖底杯、角杯、子母口尖底盏、小平底罐、圜底罐(釜)为主，总体与峡江地区更为接近，展现出成都平原、峡江地区、陕南地区以及川西高原多文化汇聚融合的历史场景。 燕妮称，涪陵小田溪墓群还出土了大量动物骨骼，实证遗址的生业模式。经初步鉴定，该遗址出土的动物骨骼有哺乳动物类、鱼类、鸟类、爬行动物四大类，说明野生动物仍然占据绝大部分，虽然有部分猪的骨骼，但渔猎经济仍然占据绝对优势。(完)
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